Π‘ΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ Π² 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ: Π‘ΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ Π² 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ Π² 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ
Π ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π΅ 11% Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ , ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ 9,5%. Π ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π». ΠΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅.
— Π 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ±Π°Π½ΠΊ, ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΎ 7%, Π° ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎ 8,5% ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ 8% Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ . ΠΠΈΠΆΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΄Π°, ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ΄ Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡ, — Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΠΠΠΠ-ΠΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π‘Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΠΉ Π¨Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°.
Π Π½Π΅ Π³ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΌ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ (ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ 2008 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°) Ρ Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅, Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΌ, ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π·Π½ΠΎΡΠ°, Π±Π΅Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ. ΠΡΡΠ±ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡ, Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΎ. Π£ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π°Ρ.
— ΠΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ, Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ 2-ΠΠΠ€Π, — ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Β«ΠΠΠΠΠ¬-Π‘Π΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ» ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². β ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π·Π½ΠΎΡΠ°. Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 15%, Π½ΠΎ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΠ·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π±Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎ 20%.
ΠΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ Π² 2017 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅, Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΠΉΡΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ΄.
— ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΡ Π²ΡΡΠ΄ Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ, Ρ ΠΎΡΡ, Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½, — Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΠΠΠΠ-ΠΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΎΡ. β ΠΡΠ°Π²Π΄Π° ΡΠΎΡΡ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ. Π Π½Π΅ Π² Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΠΉΡΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡ, Π·Π°Π²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ, Π½Π°ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΠ°Π΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ 6%!
ΠΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΡΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠ» ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Ρ Π΄ΠΎ 31 Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉ. Π Π΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ 6% Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Ρ 1 ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΡ 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°.
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π² Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠ΅. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°. Π 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉ.
Π‘Ρ Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ° β ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ 6% ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°, Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ Π΄ΠΎ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ. Π ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π² Π»ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ β Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π‘Π±Π΅ΡΠ±Π°Π½ΠΊ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ Β«Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ Β» ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Π°ΠΌ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ².
Π‘Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ Π² 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ
Π 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ. Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ 10%, ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ Π½Π° ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ. Π‘Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ Π² 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ β ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ΄.
ΠΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ Π² 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π° Π²ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ.
Π 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ, Π²ΡΠ΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»:
- Π―Π½Π²Π°ΡΡ β 9,79% Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ .
- Π€Π΅Π²ΡΠ°Π»Ρ β 9,85% Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ .
- ΠΠ°ΡΡ β 9,75% Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ .
- ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Ρ β 9,64% Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ .
ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡ.
Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π½ΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° β ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ 9,95%.
Π 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ. Π‘ΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 6%. Π Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉ.
ΠΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ Π»ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ΅ Π² Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ.
ΠΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ β ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ Π² 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΎ 8,5% ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅
Π ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° Π³Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ° βΠΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡβ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Ρ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π² 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² β ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ Π² 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π²ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ° Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ 8,5%. Π ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅.
ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅ βΠΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡβ, Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π¦Π Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ 9,75%, Π΄Π»Ρ 15 ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ β 9,4% Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ 9,5% β Π½Π° βΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΊΡβ.
Π Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ. Π ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²:
- ΠΠ°Π·ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°Π½ΠΊ β 7-8% Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ .
- ΠΠ°Π½ΠΊ ΠΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ β 8,3-9% Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ .
- ΠΠ°Π½ΠΊ ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ β 8,5-9% Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ .
- Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΠ°Π½ΠΊ Π Π€ β 8,0% Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ .
ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° 40%.
ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ° Π¦Π Π Π€ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ 6-7%. ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 7,25% Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ . ΠΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅.
ΠΠ· ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡΡ ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΡΡ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ . ΠΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ , ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π² ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅, Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠΎ-Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΡ , ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ° ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ. Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Moodyβs Π΄Π°Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π² 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ.
ΠΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 8%, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π° ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠ° Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ
Π€ΠΎΡΠΎ: ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΠ½ ΠΠ°Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²/Π’ΠΠ‘Π‘
Π‘ΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Β«Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π³Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ°Β».
ΠΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π¦Π, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ Π² Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡ 8% Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ , ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π² 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ 6,8β7%, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊ. ΠΡΠΎ Π½Π° 2,5β3 ΠΏ. ΠΏ. Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π° Π³Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ°.
ΠΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌ 2017 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ: 9,8% Π΄Π»Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΈ 10,02% β Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ°.
ΠΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ
ΠΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π΅Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅, Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ
Π€ΠΎΡΠΎ: Shift Drive/shutterstock
Π ΠΈΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΠ°Π½ΠΊ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ» ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π½Π° 1 ΠΏ.ΠΏ. ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΡΡ Π»Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 4,5% Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ . ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ. Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ Π·Π° ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ.
ΠΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π¦Π, Π² ΠΌΠ°Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠ°Β β 7,4%. ΠΡΠ΅ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»Π° 8,84%.
Π‘Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ, ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π»ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ 6,5%. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ 6%. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π½Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ Π»ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ.
Π‘ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΒ Π»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ.
Β«ΠΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊΒ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉΒ»
ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠ², Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ (ΠΠΠΠ):
β ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π° ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ. Π ΠΌΠ°Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° 50% ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ. ΠΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΒ β ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Π»ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π¦ΠΒ β ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ².
ΠΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΒ Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Β β ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π»ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²Β β ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΉ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅.
ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ (Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°), ΡΠΎ Π½ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊΒ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ΅ 6,5%, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ Π½ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ , Ρ Π·Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ, ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎ-Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΡ , ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π·Π½ΠΎΡΠ°. Π ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Β ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ , ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ½Π³ (ΠΠΠ ) Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΒ».
Β«ΠΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π°Β»
ΠΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π©ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°ΠΌ Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Β«ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ Π ΠΒ»:
β Π‘ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° 1 ΠΏ.ΠΏ. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ Π² Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-Π΄Π²Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Β β 0,3β0,5 ΠΏ.ΠΏ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π»ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ 6,5%. Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ 1 ΠΊΠ². ΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΡΠ»Π°Β Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ².
Π ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½, ΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π°: ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ, Π° ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ».
Β«ΠΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ Π² Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π²Π΅-ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΒ»
ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ° Π¦ΠΠΠ:
β Π‘Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π½Π° 1 ΠΏ.ΠΏ. ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΡΡ Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π¦Π Π°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠΌΡΠ³ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ (Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ 4% ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ). Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ° Π² Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΈΡΠ½Π΅. Π‘ΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π°Π±Π΅Π΅.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ, ΡΠΎ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ Π² Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π²Π΅-ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ.
Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π²ΡΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΡ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ , ΠΊΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°.
ΠΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ (ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ , Π½ΠΎ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈΡΡ)Β».
Β«ΠΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΒ»
ΠΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π’Π°Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Β«ΠΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΌ-ΠΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΒ»:
β ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π² Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠ΅, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π²Π·ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ. ΠΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎ: ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ, Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ Π² Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΡΡΠ΄Β Π»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ: ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΆΠΈΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡ, Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅Π²Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π² Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ Π²Π°Ρ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ . ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ, Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΡΒ».
https://realty.ria.ru/20200710/1574181846.html
Π¦Π Π Π€ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅
ΠΠ°Π½ΠΊ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΉΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π°… ΠΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π ΠΠ ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, 10.07.2020
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90000 Mortgage Rates Trends and Predictions for 2018 90001
90002 It’s a new year, with a new president in the White House, new attitudes permeating through the economic and fiscal sectors-and with all these changes comes uncertainty about home buying opportunities. 90003
90002 What will the mortgage rate trends look like in 2017, Should you sit tight and wait out a new cycle? 90003
90002 The answer depends on whom you’re asking about the mortgage rates, and why you’re thinking of making a change.90003
90002 Since October 2016 mortgage rates have jumped up by 0.75%, that’s almost a full percent in three months. Many financial industry experts believe that the average mortgage rates will trend downwards from where they are at the beginning of the new year. 90003
90002 RATE SEARCH: Shop current interest rates from mortgage lenders 90003
90012 What Goes Up Can Also Come Down 90013
90002 In a December 2016 piece in the 90015 Wall Street Journal 90016, Laura Kusisto cited a seven-year run of historically low mortgage rates that had just concluded: with the election, mortgage rates began to climb again, rising from 3.54 percent to a rate of 4.13 percent for a fixed-rate 30-year loan in mid-December (per Freddie Mac). 90003
90002 This represented the highest level since October of 2014. As recently as the end of 2016, many analysts had gone public with firm predictions that the rates would skyrocket from there. 90003
90002 However, what’s good to remember about analysts is that-like weather forecasters-they’re wrong as often as they are right. 90003
90002 In fact, despite some fevered speculations in financial and general news media, the trend seems to have stabilized and started to retreat a bit: as of February 8, bankrate.com cited average rate for a 30-year fixed mortgage was 4.04%, down 0.04 from the week before. 90003
90002 The 15-year fixed rate fell 0.01 to 3.23%, while a 30-year fixed refi rate shrank by 0.05, to 4.06%. The «winner» in this week’s drop, however, is the 30-year fixed jumbo mortgage, which shrank by a sizeable 0.39, from 4.50% to 4.11%. 90003
90002 Get Mortgage Rate Quotes 90003
90012 Fixed-Rate and Adjustable-Rate Mortgages 90013
90002 A Fixed-Rate mortgage mortgage will have the same interest rate each year of the term.Your monthly payment will never rise which makes it the safest term. 90003
90002 An adjustable-rate mortgage, such as the 5/1 ARM will have a low interest rate for the first 5 years of the mortgage loan. After the initial 5 year term has passed the mortgage rate will increase annually. This makes a fix-rate mortgage best for people who do not plan on living in the home for more than 5 years. 90003
90012 Credit Scores Affect on Mortgage Rates 90013
90002 While the mortgage rate trends up or down, the biggest factor in the rate you receive is your credit score.Your credit score is an estimate of how credit-worthy you are and how much of a risk you present to a mortgage company. 90003
90002 Having good credit is crucial to getting the best rates on your mortgage. You will want to make sure you are maximizing your credit scores. 90003
90002 Pay off your credit card balances before applying for a mortgage. Your credit card balance compared to the credit limit is your credit utilization ratio and accounts for 30% of your FICO score. Try to pay down your debt below 15% of the limit to improve your credit rating.90003
90012 90043 What Makes Mortgage Rates Trend Up and Down? 90044 90013
90002 As with most «money» figures, mortgages respond to the general economic climate. Rates rise when the economy strengthens; in turn, the economy rises on tax cuts and increased federal spending in areas that spur growth, both in terms of wages and the overall GNP. 90003
90002 Mortgage rates are most closely connected with Treasury bond yields-but these also rise in times of inflation. If inflation hits 4%, as it did in 2007, the days of a 4% mortgage rate anywhere, be it your brick-and-mortar lender or an online source, will be over.Instead, you might see rates like we saw ten years ago, when 30-year rates averaged 6.34%. 90003
90002 Just a small percentage point increase in a mortgage rate can cause your payment to rise by amounts ranging from slightly under $ 100 to several times that … which can make a huge difference in a homeowner’s ability to «move up» versus staying put. 90003
90002 It also means fewer buyers are out there for your home; low rates act as a «brake» on many people who fear they will not be able to afford a different home if percentages ascend too quickly.90003
90002 It’s ironic that the higher wages that come with economic growth are, all too often, «cancelled out» by an increase in housing costs that wipe what is a «gain» on paper. 90003
90002 So, say you’re looking to buy in 2017, either a first home or an upgrade. Can you afford to do it? 90003
90002 Once again, the answer depends on whom you ask and what your end goal is. 90003
90002 Shop current interest rates from mortgage lenders 90003
90062 90043 Crunchable Numbers 90044 90065
90002 You can face two possibilities with projected mortgage rates expected to «level off» at about 4.6% by the end of this year (per the National Association of Realtors). 90003
90002 You may have to come up with higher down payments to cut the amount you’re financing in a 30-year fixed loan; or, you may need to do some extra «homework» to find the best loan at a rate you can easily handle. 90003
90002 The good news is, as the old saying goes in sales, «you only need one.» But with the many choices out there, sometimes it’s tough to know what the best «one» is. 90003
90062 90043 For Example … 90044 90065
90002 Say you’re looking at Freddie Mac numbers, which began February at 4.19% for a 30-year fixed conventional loan. The 15-year mortgage rate is 3.40%, and the 5-year ARM comes in at 3.20%. 90003
90002 That last one’s really tempting: if you can handle the uncertainty of potential changes in your rate after 5 years, you might want to get in line NOW for them … right? Well … 90003
90002 90081 Do Take Note: 90082 90003
90084
90085 Freddie Mac rates are not available to everyone. They’re designed for «prime» borrowers, and those borrowers pay around .5 discount points at closing.You also need a sizeable down payment, and your credit needs to be excellent. Not just good … but superior. If you’ve had some «dings» on your history, or you’re rebuilding credit, odds are you do not qualify for Freddie Mac. 90086
90085 Freddie Mac rates, like so many other rates you can see everywhere, are averages. They compile data from some 100 different sources. So, while this information is useful for statistical analysis and prediction, it does not give you figures with which you can walk into your bank.90086
90085 Discount points can be a «sticking point» for many people. Many people do not mind paying even MORE points for a better rate; on the other hand, many of us prefer no closing costs at all, and those mortgages are available-just not through a Freddie Mac lender. 90086
90085 Freddie Mac’s data apply to what are called «conforming» loans and conventional mortgage rates only. In other words, if you want to finance more than the conventional 80% or so, Freddie Mac percentages will not apply anyway.90086
90093
90012 90043 Navigating Other Offerings 90044 90013
90002 Fortunately, if you’ve shopped around at all, you know more is available for the rest of us than the top-of-the-line «prime» program! Depending on your situation, you can look into FHA or USDA loans or other government-sponsored borrowing possibilities. 90003
90002 These may cost you a bit more than the «going» rate; in many cases, their rates are even lower. 90003
90002 Ellie Mae’s December Origination Insight Report (based on processing over close to 4 million applications per year), indicated that average mortgage rates came in at these levels: 90003
90062 2017 current average mortgage rates 90065
90084
90085 FHA mortgage: 4.02% 90086
90085 Conventional mortgage: 4.14% 90086
90085 VA mortgage: 3.76% 90086
90093
90002 FHA loans, a government-backed vehicle, are new-graduate friendly, so it’s no surprise that some 40 percent of first-time buyers in their twenties and thirties use them. VA loans are an «evergreen» option for home buyers, in that they offer lenient credit demands, require no down payments or mortgage insurance, and are offered to anyone who has served in the military. 90003
90002 If you’re buying in rural areas, you can look into a USDA home loan, otherwise known as the Rural Development Guaranteed Housing Loan (Section 502).Designed to assist purchasers in less dense areas of the country, in which incomes are lower than those in cities, it also requires no down payment and is available to buyers with less-than-perfect credit. 90003
90002 An added bonus: the interest rates are as good as those the VA offers, making it extremely affordable. Finally, there’s yet another new option: it’s called HomeReady 90043, 90044 β’ and is available to those with modest incomes, requiring only 3% down. 90003
90002 The best news? Low as the rates for these programs are, they could go even LOWER in 2017.90003
90012 90043 The Bottom Line 90044 90013
90002 Right now, a loan will cost you about $ 490 monthly for every $ 100,000 you borrow. Notable EXCLUSIONS include what you’ll need to set aside in escrow for taxes and insurance, flood insurance, and PMI (private mortgage insurance), if your lender requires it. 90003
90002 But from all indicators, this is a good «baseline» to plan around: even the Mortgage Bankers Association predicts that rates may rise slightly this year, but they expect them to remain low-below 5 percent-through the end of 2018.90003
90002 If you’ve done your homework, comparison-shopped, and realistically assessed your financial situation, the answer to the question, «Can I afford to buy a home in 2017?» might well be a resounding YES. 90003
90002 RATE SEARCH: Check Current Mortgage Rates 90003
.90000 VA refinance in 2018: How to avoid the scammers 90001
90002 Beware! Scammers operating 90003
90004 Are you considering a VA refinance in 2018? Then take care. 90005
90004 Unscrupulous con artists are targeting veterans and servicemembers who want to refinance; some with VA loans have suffered real losses. 90005
90004 Read on to discover how the scams work … and how to avoid them. 90005
Verify your new rate (Jul 14th, 2020)
90002 A real issue 90003
90004 There’s a bipartisan initiative in the U.S. Senate. No, really! 90005
90004 There’s an issue so bad legislators are reaching across the aisle in an attempt to resolve it. And, in tody’s confrontational atmosphere on Capitol Hill, you know that issue must be serious. 90005
90004 90017 The complete guide to VA home loans 90018 90005
90004 It is. The proposed measure seeks to «protect veterans from targeted predatory home loan practices,» according to a Congressional website. 90005
90002 Protecting veterans 90003
90004 So, on January 11, U.S. Senators Thom Tillis (R-NC) and Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) introduced the «Protecting Veterans from Predatory Lending Act of 2018» They had the backing of 10 co-sponsors, five Republicans and five Democrats. 90005
90004 The picture below depicts the top scams against veterans, according to the VA Office of Inspector General. 90005
90004 90029 90005
90004 «Unfortunately, a few bad actors are taking advantage of the [VA home loan] program as home lenders have begun targeting veterans and servicemembers to generate profit and fees at their expense, often leading to higher loan amounts and putting families in a worse financial position than they started off, «observed Senator Tillis.90005
90004 Even the mortgage industry’s trade body is condemning the practice. When the Mortgage Banking Association testified before Congress, it backed stronger policing. 90005
90002 The scams 90003
90004 There are two main scams and both involve «churning.» That’s when lenders encourage those with VA loans to refinance when it provides no or little benefit. This is also known as «equity stripping,» because it the scammers may suck the equity out of your home, unnoticed by you because you pay nothing out-of-pocket for your refinance.90005
90004 But churning is intended to line lenders ‘pockets — at the expense of borrowers. 90005
90002 Scam 1 — The cash-out refinancing 90003
90004 When you’re short of cash, you may want to dip into some of the equity you’ve built up in your home. That process is called a cash-out refinancing. 90005
90004 Unfortunately, there are some downsides to this. It means you’re resetting the clock on your mortgage. So, if your 30-year mortgage has 25 years left to run, you’re back to facing another 30 years of payments.A refinance usually comes with lender and other third-party charges, whether you pay them out-of-pocket or not. 90005
90004 90017 How to use your cash-out refinance 90018 90005
90004 But lots of people do it. And, in the hierarchy of dumb financial moves, it’s a long way down the list. Indeed, it can often be smart. So you may perfectly sensibly undertake a VA refinance in 2018. 90005
90004 However, scammers try to get borrowers to refinance in this way repeatedly. But that keeps resetting the clock.And keeps putting fees from closing costs into lenders ‘pockets. So the lender profits at the borrower’s expense. 90005
90002 Scam 2 — The bad refinance 90003
90004 Generally speaking, it’s a good idea to refinance to a lower interest rate. Your monthly payments are lower. And your overall cost of borrowing falls. What’s not to like? 90005
90004 It depends on what you have to do to get that lower rate. Suppose that you have a $ 300,000 mortgage at a 4.25 percent interest rate that you’ve been paying for five years.Your current balance is $ 266,170, and your principal and interest payment are $ 1,476. 90005
90004 You could lower your payment to $ 1,309 by refinancing without even changing the interest rate. That’s because you’re stretching out the repayment of the remaining balance to a new term, extending your repayment by five years. An unscrupulous lender will refer to the $ 167 a month difference as «savings.» But clearly you are saving nothing — in fact, you’ll pay more. 90005
90004 Most lenders do not just offer to refinance your old loan at the same rate, however.They offer a lower rate, at a cost and are so nice that they offer to do the loan at no out-of-pocket cost to you. For instance, you might get a 3.75 percent mortgage rate, at a cost of three points (3 percent of your loan amount), plus other fees — perhaps a total of $ 10,000. Your new payment drops from $ 1,476 to $ 1,279, «saving» you nearly $ 200 a month and your new balance is $ 276,170, costing you $ 10,000 of home equity and extending your repayment by five years. 90005
90002 «Iffy» disclosures 90003
90004 Other ways to lower your interest rate include refinancing you into an adjustable rate mortgage (ARM), which usually carries a lower rate than a similar fixed loan.After the loan’s introductory period (which can be anything from one month to ten years), the rate and payment can increase. 90005
90004 That’s fine if you understand this, and especially if you plan to sell or pay off the mortgage before its rate begins resetting. The «iffiness» occurs only if the terms of this new loan are not disclosed to you. 90005
90004 The same could be said of the 15-year mortgage. Rates for these programs are lower than those of 30-year loans. They can be smart choices because you get a lower rate and pay your loan off faster.You need to know that the payment is higher and you need to be comfortable with this. 90005
90002 Broken promises 90003
90004 The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs is just one body that is warning of these scams. On its website, it tells of some of the more common complaints and issues it’s observed. 90005
90004 These include unsolicited communications that can misleadingly appear official. Advertisements, literature and aggressive sales pitches that misleadingly offer too-good-to-be-true benefits.Some of the promises that are commonly made and subsequently broken include: 90005
90079
90080 Ultra-low interest rates (which apply only if you refinance to an ARM or a much shorter loan) 90081
90080 Unfeasibly high cash-out sums 90081
90080 Skipped mortgage payments (banned by the VA) 90081
90080 No out-of-pocket expenses (when those, in reality, are added to your mortgage balance) 90081
90080 Refunded escrow balance (Well, yeah. Maybe. But you’ll likely need to fund a new escrow account) 90081
90090
90004 It’s important to know one thing — the government does not set VA mortgage rates.The government does not require you to pay fees other than the VA funding fee. Nor does the government require you to refinance with your current lender or any lender for that matter. 90005
90002 VA streamline refinance 90003
90004 The VA streamline refinance (formally known as the Interest Rate Reduction Refinance Loan, or IRRRL) is sometimes the vehicle for these scams. And you can see why. 90005
90004 90017 What you need to know about the VA streamline refinance program 90018 90005
90004 The VA wanted to make refinancing from one VA loan to a new VA loan cheap, easy and straightforward.It eased up on many bureaucratic procedures but that may have left IRRRLs more vulnerable to abuse. 90005
90004 However, that does not mean a VA streamline refinances can not give you fantastic deals. They typically do. It just means you need to choose your lender with care and that’s easy. 90005
90002 A safe VA refinance in 2018 90003
90004 How easy? Well, you can request VA refinance quotes from multiple lenders in a matter of minutes using websites like this one. With lenders licensed in your state and approved by the VA to refinance your home loan.90005
90004 And that will allow you to compare different offers. Maybe your existing mortgage provider or a company that sent you a solicitation will turn out to be your best bet. Although, you will not know that for sure until you’ve done your comparison exercise. 90005
90002 Loan estimates and closing disclosures 90003
90004 Then, when you apply to lenders, you need to make sure the «loan estimates» (standard documents detailing your provisional deal) they send you compare with their offers.Those loan estimates should be given in good faith and lenders should not change anything without a good reason, which must be explained to you. 90005
90004 90017 How to make the most of your closing disclosures 90018 90005
90004 Later, at least three days before you close, you’ll get a «closing disclosure» that sets out all the terms of your new mortgage in an easy-to-understand format. That’s your last chance to make sure you’re getting the deal you want — and the one you were promised — without derailing your refinance.90005
90002 Double time — away 90003
90004 You still have one last chance to call the whole thing off because you only commit yourself when you sign the closing documents. 90005
90004 So, if you smell a rat, just walk away. You can always start again with some new quotes. You have only one priority: to get the best VA refinance in 2018 you can. 90005
Verify your new rate (Jul 14th, 2020)
.90000 Should you choose low mortgage rates and high processing fees, or vice versa? 90001
90002 90003 In this article: 90004 90005
90002 In general, the lowest mortgage rates come with the highest processing fees. That said, mortgage rates and costs vary widely between lenders for the same loan to the same borrower. 90005
90008
90009 «Origination» fees usually cover the lender’s costs to process, underwrite and fund your loan 90010
90009 «Discount» fees or points are extra amounts that you can choose to pay if you want a lower rate 90010
90009 «Rebates» are fees that are paid by the lender 90014 to 90015 the borrower for accepting a 90014 higher 90015 interest rate.You can use rebates to cover other closing costs 90010
90019
90002 The best combination of interest rate and fees depends on a few factors, and everyone’s «sweet spot» is probably a little different. 90005
Verify your new rate (Jul 14th, 2020)
90022 Mortgage rates: the bottom line 90023
90002 Mortgage rates are the number one issue when it comes to real estate financing. Sometimes that means processing fees are overlooked, fees that can substantially impact the real cost of mortgage loans.Why? Because different lenders make different deals. 90005
90002 90014 Related: How much do lenders make on your home loan? 90015 90005
90002 To get the best deal, you have to understand the lender’s rate sheet. There’s not just one rate. Every mortgage has combinations of points and rates. If you qualify for financing at 4.5 percent, you might also be able to get the same loan for 3.875 percent or 5.125 percent. In some cases, you might actually want the 90014 higher 90015 rate! 90005
90022 Origination fees 90023
90002 An «origination» fee is the money you pay for the lender’s services.This processing fee is usually equal to 1 percent of the mortgage amount. If you borrow $ 150,000, the typical origination fee is $ 1,500. 90005
90002 Sometimes the origination fee will be higher if the lender must do more work. 90005
90002 90014 Related: 4 ways to keep mortgage closing costs low 90015 90005
90002 This is the case with a standard FHA 203 (k) financing. This is a type of mortgage that can be used to both buy a home and then finance major improvements. Because the program is so complicated, the government allows FHA lenders to charge a «supplemental» origination fee.90005
90002 If the price of an origination fee seems high, consider that it costs a lot of money to create a mortgage. The Mortgage Bankers Association says that in the first quarter of 2018 the typical mortgage cost $ 8,957 to originate. 90005
90022 Processing fees and discounts 90023
90002 A «point» is equal to 1 percent of the mortgage amount. If you borrow $ 150,000, the cost of one point is $ 1,500. A «point» can also be called a «discount» fee and sometimes even a «rate adjustment factor.»90005
90002 While origination fees are set in stone, points are negotiable. This is VERY IMPORTANT. You can change your interest rate by paying more points or fewer points. 90005
90002 90014 Related: Taking out the garbage (dumb mortgage costs to avoid) 90015 90005
90002 The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) offers this example. 90005
90002 Let’s say you borrow $ 180,000. The interest rate is 5 percent with 0 points. When a loan is quoted with zero points you are seeing the «par» price.90005
90002 But instead of zero points, you’re willing to pay .375 points. That’s 3 / 8ths of a point. In the case of a $ 180,000 loan that’s an additional $ 675, you must pay at closing. Now, the lender will offer the loan at 4.875 percent in the CFPB example. Your rate has gone DOWN. 90005
90002 Working from the CFPB model, the lender’s rate sheet might show several pricing options for a $ 180,000 mortgage. 90005
90066
90009 5.375 percent means the lender will pay $ 2,025 in closing costs 90010
90009 5.25 percent means the lender will pay $ 1,350 in closing costs 90010
90009 5.125 percent means the lender will pay $ 625 in closing costs 90010
90009 5.00 percent plus 0 points equal par pricing 90010
90009 4.875 percent plus .375 points (you pay an additional $ 675) 90010
90009 4.75 percent plus .750 points (you pay an additional $ 1,350) 90010
90009 4.625 percent plus 1.125 points (you pay an additional $ 2,025) 90010
90081
90022 Choices 90023
90002 Which combination of rates and points will you choose? It depends on your needs and preferences.If cash is a problem but monthly income is strong, a higher rate might be your best choice. If you have lots of cash, buying down the rate can be a good strategy if you expect to be a long-term owner. 90005
90002 90014 Related: Explaining mortgage discount points in plain English 90015 90005
90002 To better understand your options, it’s best to run the numbers. 90005
90002 A $ 180,000 mortgage at 5 percent over 30 years has a monthly cost for principal and interest of $ 966.28. If you pay $ 675 extra at closing, the rate will fall to 4.875 percent. The monthly cost will drop to $ 952.57. You will save $ 13.71 a month. Divide $ 675 by $ 13.71 and in basic terms, you will need 50 months to recover your cost. 90005
90002 If you live in the property for more than 50 months, you’ll save money with the lower rate. 90005
90022 Rebates 90023
90002 If you look at our model rate chart, you can see that it suggests an exchange. You can pay more cash up front to get a lower-than-par mortgage rate. If you can accept a higher rate, the lender will pay you.90005
90002 A «rebate» is simply a situation in which, for a higher rate, you get a closing credit from the lender. The higher the rate, the more cash you can get to close. This can be attractive if you expect to be a short-term owner. 90005
90002 90014 Related: Negotiating a better mortgage rate for your home 90015 90005
90022 Bargaining 90023
90002 Different lenders will have different rate sheets. Lender Smith will have one set of rate discounts or rebates. Lender Jones will have another set of discounts and rebates.It pays to shop around for the best deal. 90005
90002 One approach is to determine what rate you want and get lender cost quotes based on that rate. So the lowest-costing option wins. Alternatively, you can set what you’re willing to pay and get rate quotes based on that cost. In that case, the lowest rate wins. 90005
90002 Verify your new rate (Jul 14th, 2020) 90005
.90000 2019 mortgage rates forecast from leading housing authorities 90001
90002
90003 90004 90005
90002
90003 90008 90009 Editor’s note: 90010 See our 2020 housing authorities forecast here. 90011 90005
90013 Mortgage rates forecast: Only one agency predicting sub-5% rates 90014
90003 It’s not very often that major players across an industry agree, but on this point, almost everyone does. 90005
90003 Of the six housing authorities examined, only one predicts 30-year mortgage rates below 5% for 2019.90005
90003 Five percent used to be considered an ultra-low rate. But after years of rates in the 3s and 4s, it seems pretty steep. 90005
90003 Still, affordable home payments will not be hard to find, even as we adjust to the new normal. 90005
90003 Want to grab rates before they rise? It might be a good idea to lock in a sub-5% rate while you can. 90005
Find and lock your low rate now. (Jul 14th, 2020)
90013 Averaging all major forecasts 90014
90003 Any single prediction is likely to be wrong.Market-driven outcomes are just too hard to predict. 90005
90003 The best thing to do, then, is to review all opinions and find middle ground. Here are all major predictions in one chart, and an average of them all. 90005
90031
90032
90033
90034 90009 Agency 90010 90037
90034 90009 30-Yr Rate 2019 Prediction 90010 90037
90042
90033
90034 90009 NAR 90010 90037
90034 5.3% 90037
90042
90033
90034 90009 NAHB 90010 90037
90034 5.2% 90037
90042
90033
90034 90009 MBA 90010 90037
90034 5.1% 90037
90042
90033
90034 90009 Freddie Mac 90010 90037
90034 5.1% 90037
90042
90033
90034 90009 Fannie Mae 90010 90037
90034 4.8% 90037
90042
90033
90034 90009 Realtor.com 90010 90037
90034 5.5% 90037
90042
90033
90034 90009 Average of all agencies 90010 90037
90034 90009 5.17% 90010 90037
90042
90101
90102
90013 National Association of Realtors (NAR): Expect rates around 5.3% 90014
90003 Paul Bishop, the NAR’s vice president of research, told me his group believes rates will head north next year.90005
90003 «We’re anticipating that the economy will continue to grow throughout 2019. Also, we expect that the Fed will continue to raise interest rates,» says Bishop. «While the Fed does not control mortgage rates, it’s a signal to the rest of the markets that the Federal Reserve thinks the economy is strong. The financial markets will take their cue from that. So we anticipate that rates will trend up through 2019 and into 2020. » 90005
90003 90008 Related: Mortgage rates now and loan lock recommendation 90011 90005
90003 Bishop says the NAR predicts 30-year fixed interest mortgage rates to average around 5.3 percent in 2019. 90005
90003 «The potential buyer who’s thinking if now is the right time to buy needs to do the math and determine what the impact of potential rising rates would be on their payment,» he adds. 90005
90003 Case in point: Say you have a $ 200,000 mortgage. A half-point jump-going from 5 to 5.5 percent-equates to an increase of about $ 62 a month. 90005
90003 «It’s wise for the buyer to focus on what it will cost them if rates rise, and not just focus on the rate itself,» Bishop notes.90005
90003 Given that we’re seeing a continued rise in mortgage rates and that it’s very unlikely rates will decline over the next year, «buyers should consider locking in a rate sooner rather than later,» says Bishop. 90005
90013 National Association of Home Builders (NAHB): Rates should stay above 5 percent 90014
90003 Robert Dietz, chief economist for the NAHB, told me his group is forecasting rates to average 5.2 percent in 2019, but they may rise above 5.3 percent by 2020. 90005
90003 «We expect, at a minimum, the Fed to raise the Federal Funds Rate by 75 basis points through mid-2019,» notes Dietz.»Most forecasters expect additional rate hikes beyond this. But our analysis indicates that the economy will be noticeably slowing by late 2019. » 90005
90003 90008 Related: How to deal with a 5 percent mortgage 90011 90005
90003 Dietz notes that mortgage rates track the 10-year Treasury rate. These are set to increase as the labor market tightens and the Fed seeks to keep inflation contained. 90005
90003 «Rates have increased by approximately 100 basis points over the last year. Hence, now is a good time for buyers to evaluate how large a mortgage they can afford given their household income.Buyers should also anticipate that a slowing economy could mean lower job and wage growth over the next three years, «he says. 90005
90013 Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA): Rates at 5.1 percent through 2021 90014
90003 The MBA foresees 2019 mortgage rates averaging 5.1 percent. 90005
90003 MBA’s chief economist Mike Fratantoni and associate vice president of economic and industry forecasting Joel Kan recently said in a recent forecast commentary: «While the Federal Reserve is expected to increase short-term rates further, 30-year mortgage rates should rise only modestly from here, averaging 5.1 percent for 2019 through 2021. We expect that the Fed will raise rates three times in 2019 and hold the fed funds rate at just over 3 percent. » 90005
90003 They further expected housing demand to remain at a healthy level; this will lead to a boost in purchase originations. They attributed this to a continued low unemployment rate, which they expect to decrease to 3.5 percent by late 2019. 90005
90003 «Economic growth is expected to continue its strong showing into 2019 … We forecast 2.3 percent growth in 2019.This growth will help support the job market and wage growth, which is an important factor for housing, «they said. 90005
Start your mortgage rate shopping here. (Jul 14th, 2020)
90013 Freddie Mac: Prepare for rates around 5.1 percent 90014
90003 Freddie Mac has a similar forecast to the MBA. They also believe the 30-year fixed mortgage rate will average 5.1 percent next year. 90005
90003 In its October Forecast, Freddie Mac stated: «We expect mortgage rates to continue to gradually inch higher.We anticipate that the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage will average 4.5 percent in 2018, rising to 5.1 percent in 2019 and 5.6 percent in 2020. » 90005
90003 In commenting on its October Forecast, Sam Khater, Freddie Mac’s chief economist, said: «While we expect the weakness in housing activity to extend the next few months as the market absorbs the recent uptick in mortgage rates, the combination of strong economic growth and millennials moving toward homeownership should help home sales regain momentum and rise modestly in 2019.»90005
90013 Fannie Mae: Expect a modest increase-4.8 percent 90014
90003 Fannie Mae has slightly better news for borrowers. In its October 2019 Housing Forecast, the group predicted 30-year fixed-rate mortgage rates to average 4.8 percent. 90005
90003 «Economic conditions remain supportive of additional rate hikes in 2018 and 2019, as the labor market has tightened and inflation continues to hover just above the Fed’s 2-percent target,» stated Fannie Mae Chief Economist Doug Duncan in that forecast.90005
90003 Duncan added: «Our expectations for housing have become more pessimistic: Rising interest rates and declining housing sentiment from both consumers and lenders led us to lower our home sales forecast over the duration of 2018 and through 2019. Meanwhile, affordability, especially for first -time homebuyers, remains atop the list of challenges facing the housing market. » 90005
90013 Kiplinger: Brace yourself for a 5.3 percent rate 90014
90003 Another esteemed industry expert on rates is Kiplinger.In its most recent economic forecast, the publisher cautioned that rates will likely increase next year. Kiplinger staff economist David Payne wrote that the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage will probably rise to 5.3 percent in 2019. 90005
90003 «Long-term interest rates have dropped a bit as some equity investors retreat to the bond market, which usually happens during stock market corrections. However, once the correction is over, long rates should head up again, «wrote Payne. «The Federal Reserve’s rate hike program will put upward pressure on long rates well into next year.»90005
90003 Realtor.com is not bullish on mortgage rates. 90005
90003 In fact, it has the highest mortgage rate prediction of any major housing authority. 90005
90003 While it predicts a 30-year fixed-rate average of 5.3%, they say to expect a 5.5% rate by the end of 2019. 90005
90003 «As the economy continues to prove resilient, mortgage rates are expected to continue their upward march,» said Danielle Hale, chief economist with Realtor.com, in a recent interview. 90005
90013 Should you buy or refinance now? 90014
90003 With all the talk of higher rates, consumers might be wise to grab sub-5% rates if they are available.90005
90003 Mortgage rates are still holding low (at the time of this writing), so the proverbial window is still open. 90005
90003 Start your mortgage shopping process before rates rise. 90005
Verify your new rate (Jul 14th, 2020)
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